Girl, Interrupted Essay -- essays research papers

Girl, Interrupted Part I: Critical Analysis Author: Susanna Kaysen. Girl, Interrupted: New York Division of Random House. Inc 1993. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the author’s topic? The author’s topic is about a teenager name Susanna Kaysen. At 18 she voluntarily turned herself into McLean Hospital. 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s main idea(s). In other words, what is the main point the author is attempting to make about the book?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s has 2 main points; one point is about her two-year stay McLean hospital. The second main point talks about how she handles and gets treated for being depressive and suicidal. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s overall pattern(s) of organization. Give examples and/or details to explain your answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pattern the author uses is time order; she starts off the book with her case record, which was submitted in 1967. The last example given is her recovery record; she left and had a recovery of her depression and being suicidal in 1969. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What biases, if any, can you detect from the author’s writing? Give examples and details to support your answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author isn’t biased about anything, she wasn’t for anything and she wasn’t against anything. Susanna Kaysen was simply trying to find her place in the world through the world of medicine. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is this book mostly concerned with factual information, or does the author use conjecture and opinion to make his/her point? What detail and examples support your answer?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Girl, Interrupted is all factual information. Susanna Kaysen the author has put her reports from the doctors that were helping her in the book. On August 9,1967 the author Susanna Kaysen 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identify the author’s purpose(s) for writing this book. In your opinion, does the author accomplish his/ her purpose? Support your answer with concrete evidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s purpose to the story is to make people notice how people are being treated in a mental institution. Susanna Kaysen writes about the girls in the ward as if nothing is wrong with them. She writes about being in a pschychiatri... ...ok. The girls in the book make up swear words about the weirdest things or how they act if they don’t get something they want. In a way I can relate to that because my mom is just a little bit like some of the girls in the story. If she doesn’t get what she wants she gets mad at the world and it is unnecessary, and that’s for everything. I think that’s just too spoiled. The girl I can most relate to in the story is Polly, because I can see myself listening to everyone and not complaining about anything really in life. But she was also a burn victim that didn’t complain about her face. I’m almost like her, I never once think I’m cute or beautiful, and I don’t complain about anything about my body. I know I have to live with what I have, so what’s the point in complaining about it. One more way I can relate to the story is my cousin is like my cousin she tried to the whole I swallowed this many pill thing. I never got why she did it. She never told me why, on the other hand she had some problems in the past with some things. So maybe that might have been the problem. But she never passed out like Susanna did in the beginning of the book. I’m just glad my cousin didn’t die.

Hinduism Architecture

Hinduism Architecture Hinduism is a predominant religion of the Indian subcontinent. It begins simply by differentiating between matter and spirit and the theology of the religion is based upon three main truths, God, Matter and Soul (Richard Blurter, 1992). It is also a conglomeration of intellectual and philosophical points of view, rather than inelastic common sets of beliefs. Hinduism believes in the real self which is called the â€Å"ATM† is distinct from the temporary body made of matter or â€Å"Portrait† ( Richard Blurter, 1992).Hinduism dates back to the early Harpoon period (5500-BECAME) and its life and practices during the pre-classical era are known as the Historical Vivid religion. Many Hindu ideas and thoughts are greatly reflected in the Hindu architecture. Hindu architecture bear witness to the strong spirituality of India. Hindu architecture is known as Vast Shasta. In Sanskrit the word â€Å"vast† meaner a building or structure and so the expr ession â€Å"vast Shasta† is the science of structure (Raja Kumar 2003).Hindu Architecture addresses two kinds of buildings, religious structures including temples and shrines and non-religious structures including civic buildings and residential homes (Raja Kumar, 2003). It is believed that astrology plays an important part in Hinduism theology and also Hinduism architecture and follows three principles. The first is the idea that the world is the body of God. A sacred structure such as a temple is designed to be not Just the home of God, but the actual body of God. The second principle concerns the relationship between the macrocosm and the microcosm where the temple is compared to the large universe.The third principle teaches that the part always contains within itself he whole. The design of a building should align with the universe so that we control the forces of the universe within that building (Villainies, 2009). The Hindu temples are designed to represent a cosmic mountain that serves as the earthly residence of the cosmic deities. Hindu traditions tell us that there are forces, some subtle and others not so subtle, some positive and some negative, around us at all times and it is in our interest to take full advantage of these positive forces and avoid the negative forces (Villainies, 2009).The architecture of the temples represents he faith's complex cosmology, with sanctuary walls accommodating statues, sacred emblems and myths of Hindu pantheon. In Hinduism the temple is a central element in all aspects of everyday life. It is significant not only for religious activities but also for elements of culture, society and education. The temples do not contain large internal spaces, they are tabernacles preceded by halls used for rituals, and music and dance since the architecture of the temples are the expression of faith (Raja Kumar, 2003).The Hindu temple is considered the centre of intellectual, artistic, virtual, educational and social ele ments of daily life. Furthermore, the temple is a place where God may be approached and where divine knowledge can be discovered therefore, the temple is designed to dissolve the boundaries between man and the divine. Hindu architecture combines harmony and symmetry with a high degree of outer adornment. Elements are designed to have correct proportions and exert a positive influence on their surroundings.The reason what makes the architecture so beautiful is the small details that harmonize and mix with the colossal architecture. The architectural plans are based on â€Å"wants† which is the diagrams of the universe. It is a circle within a square, within a rectangle, with four gates to represent the four directions of the universe. At the center of the temple is the sanctuary, where an image or symbol of the temple deity is kept. Many temples sit on top of a cruciform platform, with a tall spire called â€Å"sierras† ( Richard Blurter, 1992).They are usually set on p latforms, with stairways connecting different levels. Large temples sometimes have separate buildings for meditation halls, offices and other purposes, and elaborate porches. Hindu temples typically consist of a prayer hall called a â€Å"mandate† and a sanctuary or central shrine called a â€Å"agoraphobia† (Richard Blurter, 1992). The sanctuary contains an icon of the Hindu deity. The focus of a temple is the inner sanctum, which sits on elevated platform below the central tower. It is the most sacred part of the temple and symbolizes a womb.Most temples have an outer wall with gates or â€Å"asparagus† that represents the four directions of the universe and are considered thresholds between the universe and the outer world. The gates are usually protected by sculpted warriors and sometimes river goddesses (Richard Blurter, 1992). The main gate is on the auspicious east side. The west is considered inauspicious and associated with death. The north is linked wi th elephants, which are valued because of their strength. The south is considered neutral. Non-religious architecture always begins by laying the cosmic body of God or â€Å"Pursues† over every building site or â€Å"Mandela†.The cosmic body is positioned in relation to the site. The head of God lies in the northeast corner because it is lived that sun equals light which equals knowledge and that Fourth more equals consciousness and ultimately spiritual enlightenment (Villainies, 2009). The east is the source of light and the north-east point is the most important because it is the point of minimization of light. The south-west corner, which is the exact opposite of the north-east corner is not considered an auspicious place and so when arranging a home one should avoid placing the meditation, kitchen or offices in this place.

Considering The Ethics Of Minors And Birth Control

Considering the Ethics of Minors and Birth Control Introduction A 16-year-old girl visits a birth control clinic and asks to be put on the pill. Since she is a minor, the clinic doctor who writes the prescription for her notifies her parents of the action. As of the year 2016, there are only 26 states that allow minors to obtain contraceptives without parental consent. There are 20 states that allow certain minors to obtain contraceptives without parental consent and those include minors that are married or who have already been pregnant. Four states have no laws on parental consent (Gutimacher Institute, 2016). This ethical controversy leaves room for an open interruption of whether or not minors should need parental consent to gain access to birth control, to apply ethical reasoning to this controversy one must examine the ethical principles of utilitarianism, rights-based, duty-based, justice based, and virtue-based ethics. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism also known as the principle of utility is an ethical theory proposed by early philosophers. This theory implies that actions are only judged by its consequences whether they are good or bad. One should perform a particular action because it will yield the best results for all. This approach also analysis the cost and benefit relationship. The downfall with this theory is that not everyone benefits (Fremgen, 2016). To apply utilitarianism to this ethical controversy one has to evaluate which option would benefit societyShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Problems Of The Models Of Autonomy And Discipleship1393 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Ethical problems present conflicts of the models of autonomy and beneficence. Adolescents as well as minors present a particular complication, which is struggling with autonomy. Healthcare providers are torn between their own moral codes that may lack consistency in their actions and opinions. The prescription or act of seeking out contraception or birth control is taken as an example of a common ethical dilemma. According to Duvall, â€Å"Adolescence is a complicated period of emotionalRead MoreThe Beginning of the Two-Party System in the U.S.1030 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1789, the U.S. did not have a two-party system. The two-party system is rooted in the beginnings of the nation itself. The Framers of the Constitution were opposed to political parties. The ratification of the Constitution saw the birth of Americas first two parties: the federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, and the Anti-Federalists, who followed Thomas Jefferson. The nation had only had George Washington, who w as President without a party at that time. During George Washington’s two termsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Pediatric Clinical Trial Of Very Early Antiretroviral ( Vet ) For Hiv Children2027 Words   |  9 PagesWicked Ethics in Clinical Trial of Very Early Antiretroviral (VET) for HIV Affected Children Introduction Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) represent a notable number in this epidemic. Accounted for 400 everyday children became newly infected by HIV.1 Currently, almost 2 million children are affected by this virus. 1 This fact ignites scientists’ attention to do clinical trial to treat this population. In some literature, this research is even named with ‘cure research’.2,3 It mayRead MoreEssay on Juvenile Death Penalty3656 Words   |  15 Pagesdeveloped until late in adolescence causing them to be immature, have diminished decision making capacity and underdeveloped reasoning and thinking skills (Aronson, 2007); qualities which most adults possess. Furthermore psychiatric evaluation on minor death row inmates has found that many come from backgrounds of abuse and neglect and have received inadequate treatment. Is it then ethical to sentence a person with undeveloped reasoning and thinking skills to the death penalty if they cannot fullyRead MoreChr istian Standpoint Of Healing And The Health Care Provider1936 Words   |  8 Pagestreatment refusal, patient’s autonomy and organ donation in this case, in what way should the Christian reason about sickness and health, What should Mike do as a Christian, in what manner should he reason about believing and trusting God and also considering treating James? All these will be discuss in this paper. The most pressing issues in this case study The most pressing concern about James’ health is the Mike decisions about his faith in healing as a Christian following principles and values ofRead MoreHomosexualiy and the Catholic Church Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pages Yet the Church has consistently taught that to act on these inclinations, particularly to engage in homosexual genital acts, is always objectively morally wrong. Here the Church attempts to be true to the core premises of our Catholic sexual-ethics tradition, while at the same time fostering basic human respect, justice and pastoral care toward gay and lesbian persons. Accept the orientation, not the actions. As the Catholic bishops state it: We believe that it is only within a heterosexualRead MoreEugenics And The Social Movement1770 Words   |  8 PagesEugenics is defined as the social movement that claims to improve the genetic features of human populations through selective breeding and sterilization, The word Eugenics is basically selective breeding and it is a Greek word for good birth which was made in the late 1800 s by Francis Galton, who is related to the survival of the fittest scientist Charles Darwin. Galton s number one goal was that each generation contain the best people possible. His main fear was that the higher-class peopleRead MoreSibling Saviors : A Child Suffering From A Disease2058 Words   |  9 Pagescommunity. The question then becomes, what ethical stances could be taken in this situation? There are two stances, with three differing ethical options each, that a person could take, a man centered ethic or a God centered ethic. The three man-centered ethical standpoints from Norman Geisler’s Book, Christian Ethics are antinomianism, situationism, generalism. The three God-centered ethical standpoints are the absolutisms, unqualified, graded, and conflicting. The remainder of the paper will explore theseRead MoreEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing3950 Words   |  16 PagesEthics at the Beginning of Life: Prenatal Genetic Testing Lauren Delucca Linda Field Despain Cynthia Ventura-Lippert Submitted to Dr. Mark Jumper in partial fulfillment of HCE430, Health Care Ethics Regis University October 13, 2012 Prenatal Genetic Testing Prenatal testing and genetic testing developed hand in hand. Many genes, the basic unit of heredity, are now known through the human genome project (Pence, 2011, pp. 273-274). Genetic testing can identify theRead MoreGenetic Research And Ethical Policy2874 Words   |  12 Pages Reproductive Genetics In a post-genome age, reproductive genetics is becoming an increasingly pressing topic in the debate between advancements in genetic research and ethical policy. Today, parents are given an unprecedented amount of control over the future health of their children. Many different methods of genetic screening and prenatal testings are becoming more and more available to the public; however, due to the nuance of these genetic procedures, there are still many unanswered

The Effects Of Pesticides On The Human Body - 1758 Words

Food is one of the most essential things that the human body needs in order to function and coordinate to its fullest potential. There are many sources of food and while some people choose to have different dietary lifestyles, majority of them gather their food from different grocery stores, farmers markets, and/or personal cultivations. Diet plays a major role when it comes to food choices and today there are more food choices than ever before. The variety of choices can sometimes confuse the consumer in the choosing the healthiest product. However, the recent introduction of organic products seems like the right alternative to the high processing meats and high doses of pesticides in conventional fruit and vegetables. Yet, these products will cost up to three times more than regular products. Over the past couple of years the public has become more aware of the dangers and consequences that pesticides do to the body. Pesticides have been used on crops and land in order to prevent d amage to the production of crops. While pesticide usage is nothing new to the public, the evolution of such has made almost impossible for the standard human to understand the complexity of the chemical bonds. The continuous adaptations of pest to the chemical composition of the pesticides have increased the need for stronger and complex chemical bonds. Unfortunately for the public the stronger the pesticide the higher the odds that it will remain in the food that is delivered at local stores orShow MoreRelatedThe presence of pesticides in fruits, vegetables, cereals, in other food items and even in breast900 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of pesticides in fruits, vegetables, cereals, in other food items and even in breast milk is a matter of grave concern (Munshi et al. 2001; FAO/WHO 2005; Damgaard et al. 2006; Koirala et al. 2007; Shen et al. 2008; Cok et al. 2011). There are many other studies which depict the presence of pesticide as residues in food materials above the esta blished maximum residue limits (MRLs) (Bajpai et al. 2007; Devanathan et al. 2009; Srivastava et al. 2011). Out of 267 vegetable samples collectedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Safe Or Unsafe?1181 Words   |  5 Pagesapples at Shop-Rite are bigger then they’ve been before. That’s likely the effect of GMO. GMO helps those apples grow faster and thrive, gaining the bright red color that they have now. Are the foods containing GMO actually healthy? I think that you shouldn’t take the risks of GMO foods just because they cost less than organic foods. Most of the world is not aware of the side effects of GMO and what it can do to your body. Soy, corn and cotton are the most widely recognized for being geneticallyRead MoreEffects Of Pesticides On The Environment Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages200 million pounds of pesticide ingredients were used in the field (Shelton, Geraghty, Tancredi, Delwiche, Rebecca, Ritz, Hansen, Hertz-Picciotto, 2014). Pesticides are used on the agriculture products to prevent damages from insects, and it is vital for the high quantity production of today’s world. However, pesticides are also a toxic chemical for human. There are innumerous types of pesticide can be used in the field. Some of them are banned because of its adverse effect such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneRead MoreGenetically Modified food should not be banned876 Words   |  3 Pagesthere are several considerable profits to agriculture, environment and human health. Genetically Modified food should not be banned while they provide benefits to agriculture. The high productivity is creating by Genetically Modified food; the GM crops double the food yield by improves the pesticides and fertilizers in the crops. the productivity gains from G.M. crops, as well as improved use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, allowed the world s farmers to double global food output during theRead MoreA Fable for Tomorrow by Rachel Carson1562 Words   |  6 PagesSilent Spring Book Review Silent Spring is a startling book concentrated on the perils of chemical pesticides. Nevertheless it is also a powerful story focused on the natural world. In the first chapter: â€Å"A Fable for Tomorrow,† Carson gives a picture of a vibrant town, in which everything of the natural world, including humans and wildlife, live together in harmony. There is an abundance of life in the town and everything flourished. Out of the blue, something inexplicable strikes and the cheerfulRead MoreMany chemicals are used in packaging, storage, and processing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might1500 Words   |  6 Pagesprocessing of foodstuffs. These chemicals might have a long term effects on the human body. Most of these chemicals are inert and would lead to long term effects. Although most of these chemicals pass Federal Food Safety laws, the people who consume processed or packaged foods are more vulnerable to fatal diseases. Scientist have not gathered enough information about the long term impact. This includes the impact on early stages of human development, especially in the womb. An extended amount of exposureRead MoreA Test on Rachel Carsons Book Silent Spring1253 Words   |  6 Pagesuniting with each other through chains, rings, and other various configurations. Also, its ability to link with atoms of other substances allows the element to serve as a basis for other naturally occurring molecules and a wide variety of synthetic pesticides. 4. The ingestion and accumulation of DDT and other insecticides even when foods directly treated with these chemicals are avoided is possible because it can be present as tiny residue on foodstuffs that was not necessarily injected. DDT and otherRead MoreOrganic Farming Practices : The Organic Foods Production Act ( Ofpa )1327 Words   |  6 Pagesorganic for one of those three.† Nevertheless, more research should be done to affirm to this claim before coming to a conclusion. Organic agriculture is preordained to improve the soil quality over time by avoiding most synthetic materials, such as pesticides and antibiotics; the only reason there is an increase in vitamin and mineral levels in comparison to inorganic food may be because some vitamins and vitamins are destroyed through the inorganic growing process. InvestigationRead MoreOrganic Vs Non Organic Vineyards1671 Words   |  7 PagesOrganic vs Non Organic Vineyards There’s many differences between organic vineyards and non-organic vineyards. Organic vineyards, for instance, produce their wine by excluding the use of artificial chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides. Non-organic vineyards on the other hand, produce their wine by applying these products. Every year that goes by, our generation is becoming more advanced in the usage of organic products. Many things sold in groceries stores are now availableRead MoreThe Reasons Of Labeling Gmos : Yes Or No700 Words   |  3 Pagespositive or negative effect on the human body. Consumers should know that they are buying GMO’s because farmers use more pesticides. Furthermore, the scientific community has no consensus on GMOs. Finally, GMOs have proven to have adverse side effects in animal testing. This shows how GMOs should be labeled. One reason that GMOs should be labeled is because consumers should know that more pesticides are being used. First, â€Å"Critics claim that GMOs may increase the use of chemical pesticides. (Miffin,1) Growing

Sorry for Disturbing You - 1198 Words

Sorry for Disturbing You â€Å"Sorry for Disturbing You† is a short story from 2008 written by Richard Knight. The main theme of the short story is regret and the story basically focuses on the regret of choices one makes in life. The story revolves around the protagonist Ian Harter and is told by a third person limited narrator, as only Ian’s thoughts appear in the story. Ian is our eyes throughout the story and all feelings and descriptions are from his point of view, which forces the reader to have certain impressions of the other characters. The story begins in medias res with Ian opening the door to his house finding an old alcoholic man standing on his doorstep. Ian reluctantly lets the man, Michael Phelps, into his house where Ian†¦show more content†¦One simple disastrous action of adultery with the wife of his best friend has lead his life off track and separated him from his friends and completely ruined his family life for good. He has to suffer for the rest of his life from that one mistake he has made and as a result, he drinks continuously to soothe the pain of his loss. And the pain has clearly set its mark on him; throughout the story he keeps apologising as if it can make up for the mistake he made in the past. The dialogue between the two very different men is a very important element of the story. There is a very limited dialogue in the story and an overweight of monologue. Though it might seem like the story is one big dialogue, Ian and Michael spends most of the time talking past each other. Ian continuously tries to keep a conversation going to avoid the awkwardness of silence, while Michael alternately mumbles, apologises and speaks to himself about his regrets and his mistakes. This causes a minor confusion during the story, because Ian asks Michael many questions, but only very few are answered. Another very important factor in the story is the role of the water. Throughout the story, all kinds of different fluids are mentioned, such as rain, tears, water, tea, alcohol and milk. Words such as moist, wet, sobbing, glassy-eyed, slippy, unwashed and bath underlines the effect of the water inShow MoreRelatedSorry for Disturbing You1688 Words   |  7 PagesInstructions: †Sorry for Disturbing You† Write an essay (900-1200) words in which you analyse and interpret Richard Knight’s short story â€Å"Sorry for Disturbing You†. Part of your essay must focus on the function of dialogue in â€Å"Sorry for Disturbing You† I will correct the following elements: * Verbal concord * Personal pronouns (he, him, she, his, her etc.) * Spelling * Paragraph structure * Introduction + thesis statement Text: â€Å"Sorry for Disturbing You†, a short storyRead MoreSorry for Disturbing You1275 Words   |  6 PagesSorry for Disturbing You – Assignment A B A) Write an essay (700-900 words) in which you analyse and interpret Richard Knights short story Sorry for Disturbing You. Regret is defined as a feeling of sorrow or remorse for a fault, act, loss or disappointment. In spite of this melancholic definition, regret is inevitable in our lives. But it is often said, that â€Å"if we spend our time with regrets over yesterday, and worries over what might happen tomorrow, we have no today in which to live.†Read MoreSorry for Disturbing You1706 Words   |  7 Pages------------------------------------------------- Sorry for disturbing you A. Several acknowledged studies show that one of the primary sources to human happiness is the close and positive relations we can have to each other. We have the ability to communicate and we have an enormous vocabulary to express how we feel. But with great power comes great responsibility. Communication is a central part of an intimate relationship and, if handled properly, it can be the key to a long and happy lifeRead MoreSorry for Disturbing You - Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Knight 2008 Sorry for Disturbing You The short story Sorry for Disturbing You by Richard Knight is written in past tense and limited 3rd person narrator. It starts in media res, our protagonist Ian opens the door, and a man is standing on his doorstep. By starting the story it makes the readers wonder what is going on, and it is like you are having the same exact reaction as Ian when he opens the door. The readers can identify themselves, and understands Ian’s feelings, why he does theRead MoreJohn Kevin Rudd s Speech : New Ideas And Perspectives1190 Words   |  5 Pagesthings in the past, present and future. Kevin Rudd’s Sorry speech confronts Australia with the truth of past wrongdoings that have taken place against aboriginals. Robert Gray’s Coast Road voices confronting viewpoints of forthcoming change in North Coast Town, and also disturbing discoveries relating to current proceedings in The Meatworks. These many forms of discoveries can potentially, have confrontational abilities. In Kevin Rudd’s Sorry Speech, looking into the past creates a discovery inRead MoreThe, The Neighbor Behind Us Practices Scream Therapy1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe neighbor behind us practices scream therapy in his shower almost every morning. I thought it was weird; he was only 17 and scream therapy is usually when you reenact a particularly disturbing past experience occurring early in life. Presumably, I figured he might have been six or seven when this horrendous event happened, but by the sound of it, this, this was much bigger than dropped cookies and lost dinosaurs. These screams; they sound as if he has still been living in his own misery. LouisRead MoreLetters From The Person Who Calls Himself T 1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are twenty-four letters from the person who calls himself T . I know because I poured over the contents of each one, horrified by every threat he had made to my mother. The closer the letters get to the current date, the more graphic and disturbing the subjects are. He s getting angrier, whoever this person is. The key pieces from all of the letters include Mom betraying him in some way. They also mention things about loving her so much, but I know it isn t my father. My father s nameRead MoreEssay Passion of the Christ560 Words   |  3 Pagesthe same time an army of Roman Soldiers was marching towards the woods to capture him. The film was filled with suspense from start to finish leaving you not wanting to miss a second. It was mostly visual so even if you dont like reading subtitles you will still enjoy it. There is definitely something in this film for everyone. Even if you cant bear to watch the violence, which is so predominant throughout the movie, there is a lot of emotion, action and even horror that will keep any audienceRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Animal Rights Texts777 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Animal Rights Texts I am going to compare two pieces of text called: Its a crying shame and Sorry, but I think dying people are more important than dumb animals, by an Animal Rights Group and Polly Toynbee respectively. The first article is intended to appeal to a younger audience who think that killing animals is wrong because they are cute etc. The second extract is aimed at adults who are interested in the welfare of human beings. The Animal AidRead MoreEssay 11381 Words   |  6 Pagespharmacy and filled the prescription. I talked to her last night, other than being tired, and she was fine.† â€Å"Okay,† the paramedic said. â€Å"The coroner is on the way. The officers will stay here until they arrive.† â€Å"What do you think happened?†Joshua asked as the paramedics waited. â€Å"I’m sorry, I have no idea, but it happens.† â€Å"Give me a minute, and I’ll get her medication,† Joshua said, going toward the stairway. +++ While staring out the window, one of the officers went over to the paramedic and said,

Rhetoric in Movies free essay sample

Rhetoric and movies have coexisted within each other ever since the first showing of a moving picture on the big screen. Movies, particularly Saving Private Ryan, could not have delivered a single message to its audience without the use of rhetoric. Saving Private Ryan is a classic movie to watch whether a person lived through the nineteen nineties or not. As being a nameless time-honored work, Saving Private Ryan influences and challenges many people’s outlook on life. To be able to do so, Saving Private Ryan uses persuasive rhetoric. In particular, George Marshall, a character in the movie, targets the moral and the ethical side of humans and wants support in disregarding logic and doing what is morally right. With this intention, Marshall effectively delivers Saving Private Ryan’s rhetoric through the heavy reliance on ethos and pathos. For the purpose of context, Saving Private Ryan takes place in Normandy nineteen forty-four. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric in Movies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, it is the brink of world war two. In the opening scene, the allies have just stormed the shores of Normandy, more popularly known as D-day. There the story is seen through the eyes of Captain Miller and his second Ranger Battalion. The scene changes as the battle of Normandy is over and all of a sudden, ends up in a communication room. In the scene, United States Army Chief of Staff, George C. Marshall, learns about the deaths of three brothers all on the same day. Marshall quickly finds out that there is another brother, Private Ryan, who is still alive. Under those circumstances, Marshall must make a call on whether or not to save Private Ryan, hence the title of the movie. To get back to the point, Marshall assigns Captain Miller and an eight man squad to rescue Private Ryan and send him back home safely to his grieving mother. Undoubtedly, the importance lies in the moment when Marshall must choose on a course of action. To aid his decision, Marshall delivers a speech that strongly influences his staff to pursue after Private Ryan. His speech has strong ethos, the ethical argument, because he references a letter from Abraham Lincoln concerning a similar predicament. Lincoln stated, â€Å"I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant General of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. † In other words, Lincoln was expressing his regrets on the situation, and by personally sending this letter, he wished to consolidate the grieving mother. Back then, Lincoln was not able do anything for the mother but Marshall, at that moment, has an opportunity to bring back the very last of her sons. Marshall utilizes this opportunity to develop an ethical argument that debates between reuniting the mother with her son or doing nothing because war inevitably had loses. By going after Private Ryan, Marshall establishes ethos because he demonstrates good will and good moral character. He further strengthens his argument by bringing in a precedent of Abraham Lincoln. Because Abraham Lincoln was a very influential figure in history, Marshall, also, by referencing Lincoln, institutes credibility and further enforces ethos in his speech. At the end of his speech, Marshall says, â€Å"The boy’s alive. We are going to send somebody to find him. And we are going to get him the hell out of there. † This statement develops Marshall’s authority and gives more power to his character. Automatically, Marshall’s community standards are raised when he shows such high concern for the well-being of the soldier and his mother. In addition to ethos, Marshall’s speech uses pathos, the emotional argument, to stir up emotions. When Marshall references Lincoln, he quotes, â€Å"I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine that would attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. † Marshall, through Lincoln’s letter, targets the emotions of love, fear, and sadness that the mother will experience if he does not take any action. He is able to employ those powerful emotions into the bold act of sending eight soldiers to rescue one. By stating â€Å"the grief of a loss so overwhelming†, Marshall is also able to gather sympathy that immediately empowers his persuasion. Because of his decision to rescue Private Ryan, Marshall not only is he able to emotionally conflict his audience, but also is able to develop an interesting storyline for the movie. To put it briefly, George Marshall is able to persuade his subordinates to disregard any logic behind his decision. He uses ethos to gain his moral appeals, the upholding of community standards, and credibility, the use of good moral. Alternatively, he uses pathos to invoke emotions that, in return, make his persuasion easier. As a whole, Marshall makes a very effective persuasion. This as a result, makes Saving Private Ryan an effective rhetoric for rejecting logic and pursuing the moral and ethical.

The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation free essay sample

Industrial activities, such as fossil fuel burning and other human activities such as tropical deforestation have increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Increasing global temperatures are likely to have extreme effects on global climate and may result in species extinction, changes in agricultural production and deleterious effects on health. Studies have been conducted in recent years on the effects of increase of greenhouse gases on the thermohaline circulation. There are several hypotheses that state that the prolonged effect of global warming could eventually â€Å"shut down† the thermohaline circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Several ocean-atmosphere models have been used to predict the effect of increase of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) concentration on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed and their results are analyzed. 1. Introduction [2] Global temperatures have seen a dramatic increase since the Industrial Revolution. Several climate models have projected an increase of between 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Global Warming on Thermohaline Circulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 ° C to 6. 4 ° C in the global average temperature due to the continued effect of global warming (IPCC (2007)). Apart from the resulting adverse effect on global climate, increasing global temperatures may result in species extinction, changes in agricultural production, deleterious effects on health, rise in the sea level, reductions in the ozone layer and disruption in the ice shelf. Another possible outcome of global warming is what is now termed as the â€Å"shutdown of the thermohaline circulation†. Wallace S. Broeker, the man responsible for the term â€Å"Global Conveyor Belt†, called the thermohaline circulation the â€Å"Achilles heel of our climate system† (Broeker, 1997). There is much research that focuses on the effect of greenhouse gases on ocean circulation. Two such models are discussed in future sections. Some research has shown that the transfer of heat from regions around the equator to the poles is due to the thermohaline circulation in the ocean. This implies that Europe does not have the same limate as the poles because of the thermohaline circulation. The thermohaline circulation therefore plays an important role in regulating the amount of sea ice in the Polar Regions. There are several schools of thought (Seager, Battisti, Yin, Gordon, Naik, Clement and Cane (2002)) that attribute this climate in Europe to its position with respect to the ocean basin and the warm atmospheric waves that blow up north from the tropics. Rhines and Hakkinen (2003) c hallenged this claim. According to Rhines and Hakkinen, â€Å"it is the existence of the oceanic heat transport that allows the maritime effect to operate in the northern North Atlantic and to create a milder European climate than in the North America; without the heat transport, ice would likely extend over much greater areas of ocean and land†. Much research is currently focused on the role of ocean circulation in the supply of heat to Europe. 2. Thermohaline Circulation [3] Ocean circulation is commonly divided into two parts: the thermohaline and the wind driven circulation. In other words, circulation in the oceans is partly due to wind stress, and also partly due to changes in density because of changes in temperature and salinity. The term â€Å"thermohaline† originates from thermo for heat and haline for salt, which together determine the density of the water mass. [4] Thermohaline circulation originates in specific areas of the North Atlantic and in the Weddell Sea of the Southern Ocean. In the North Atlantic, the evaporative cooling effect of winter is responsible for cooling the upper layers of seawater, increasing the salinity thereby increasing density and causing sinking. The dominant infrared absorbing gases in the Earth’s atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3). The interactions between greenhouse gas molecules and radiation can be explained by quantum mechanics. CO2 and O3 molecules have vibration motions whose quantum states can be excited by collisions at energies encountered in the atmosphere. Industrial activities, such as fossil fuel burning and other human activities such as cement production and tropical deforestation has increased the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. CO2 is also a byproduct from automobiles, airplanes and building constructions. The importance of CO2 as a greenhouse gas is very apparent and is therefore used as a parameter in determining the effects of global warming. 4. Review of models used to simulate the response of the Thermohaline Circulation to increasing CO2 [6] Several coupled ocean-atmosphere models have been used to simulate the response of ocean circulation to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Manabe and Stouffer (1993) conducted one such study; a coupled ocean-atmosphere model was used to simulate the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Three integrations over a period of 500 years were conducted. In the first integration the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was kept constant. The second and third integration involved increasing the atmospheric CO2 at a rate of 1% per year, until it reached twice the original value at the 70th year (for the second integration) and four times the original value at the 140th year (for the third integration) and was maintained constant thereafter. The change in CO2 concentration caused the gradual disappearance of the thermohaline circulation while doubling and quadrupling the concentration of CO2. Most notably, in the North Atlantic Ocean, the thermohaline circulation nearly vanished during the first 200 years in the 4xCO2 integration (the integration carried out while quadrupling the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere). During the first 140 years of the 4xCO2 integration, the thermohaline circulation rapidly weakens and continues to do so even after the concentration of CO2 is held constant. The integration also showed a decrease in the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. The result of this integration shows that the gradual disappearance of the thermohaline circulation leaves wind driven, shallow cells in the subtropics of the North and South hemisphere. Similar effects were observed in the 2xCO2 integration. The thermohaline circulation shows weakening intensity during the first 70 years of simulation, which continues until the 150th year, during which there is no change in the CO2 concentration. But in the 150th year the thermohaline circulation slowly begins to regain its original intensity, although not quite achieving it. 7] Manabe and Stouffer concluded that the weakening of thermohaline circulation in the 2xCO2 integration is not due to its instability, but rather due to the adjustments made by the mechanism to the â€Å"evolving density structure† of the models Atlantic Ocean. This is apparent in the manner in which the circulation slowly regains strength in the later part of the 2xCO2 integration. This does not happen in the 4xCO2 int egration, and the thermohaline circulation shuts down. There were also notable changes in the Weddell and Ross Seas, where the circulation became weak and shallow. This in turn caused weakening of the deep-water formation and the northward flow of bottom water in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans was affected. This weakening of the thermohaline circulation is attributed to â€Å"the capping of the model oceans by relatively fresh water in high latitudes where the excess of precipitation over evaporation increases markedly due to the enhanced poleward moisture transport in the warmer model troposphere†. [8] Schmittner and Stocker (1998) used a simplified coupled atmosphere-ocean model to study the possible effects of greenhouse gas emissions. The findings were similar to Manabe and Stouffer, with the model exhibiting a threshold value of CO2 concentration beyond which the thermohaline circulation shuts down and does not recover. The concentration of CO2 is doubled here, and exhibits a shutdown; however the model is less sensitive than that of Manabe and Stouffer. The model shows that the thermohaline circulation breaks down for a value of 750 ppm or higher. An equilibrium state is reached characterized by the absence of deep-water formation in the North Atlantic. 9] Manabe and Stouffer (2003) revisited the effect of carbon dioxide on thermohaline circulation by conducting several integrations using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model for a time period varying between 4000 years to 15000 years. Similar to the study carried out in 1993, the concentrations of CO2 are doubled, quadrupled and halved. In each experiment â€Å"the response of surface temperature increases with increasing latitudes†. In the 2xCO2 experiment, thermohaline circulation shows weakening before intensifying around the 200-year mark. It fully regains its original intensity in the 600th year. The 4xCO2 experiment shows the thermohaline circulation reacting in a similar manner as earlier noted, however, it regained its intensity around the 1000-year mark. The weakening of the thermohaline circulation in the 2xCO2 and 4xCO2 experiments is attributable to reduction in the surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean. With the warming of the troposphere (due to increased CO2 concentrations), the moisture content in the air increases; this in turn enhances the transport of water vapor in the troposphere towards the poles. The precipitation in the high latitudes goes up by a fairly high amount, which reduces the salinity and density of the North Atlantic waters. 5. Conclusion [10] There are several hypotheses that state that the continued effect of global warming could eventually â€Å"shut down† the thermohaline circulation and lead to cooling in certain regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Global warming could lead to an increase of freshwater in the upper oceanic regions, by melting glaciers, and thereby increasing precipitation into the ocean. This increase in freshwater could have an adverse effect on the thermohaline circulation which, as mentioned earlier, is driven by changes in temperature and salinity. In 2004, NASA satellites recorded what seemed to be the slowing of the North Atlantic current. On April 15 of that year, NASA released a press statement stating that the â€Å"slowing of this ocean current is an indication of dramatic changes in the North Atlantic Ocean climate†. A study of the ocean circulation in the North Atlantic by Harry Bryden (2005) revealed that â€Å"Atlantic meridional overturning circulation has slowed by about 30 per cent between 1957 and 2004†. Bryden’s finding was viewed with speculation by the scientific and oceanographic community, especially since measurements conducted post 2005 showed a significant warming of the North Atlantic Current. However, the current overall climate is definitely changing; in particular sea-ice formation is less because of overall global warming. Bryden predicts that the shutdown on the thermohaline circulation could have severe repercussions on Europe, in that the temperature would change drastically. There could be major climatic changes such as an increase in floods and storms. Warming or rainfall changes in the tropics or the poles could occur. While the rest of the scientific community felt Bryden’s findings were not credible, Detlef Quadfasel (2005) felt that there were a few observations that supported Bryden’s work. Quadfasel pointed out that climatic records have shown drops in air temperature by 10 °C in a few decades possibly caused due to abrupt changes in ocean circulation. Global warming is a very real threat to the human race. The question we face is whether global warming is in fact to going to affect the thermohaline circulation. Even though there is a large amount of research that is being conducted in this area, there is an equal amount of opposition to it. Jaworowski (2007) has called the increase of CO2 concentrations the â€Å"Greatest Scientific Scandal of our Time†. Jaworowski claims that the IPCC assessment of global warming in 2007 was purely a political move, â€Å"prepared by governmental and United Nations bureaucrats†. In another article in 2007, Jaworowski also claimed that the increase of CO2 is not due to human activity but by atmosphere-ocean gas exchange and other causes of natural climatic fluctuations. Numerical models may provide a fairly decent idea of the functioning of systems, but there is always the danger of erroneous statistical methods and the use of boundary conditions that don’t necessarily reflect the real world. However, at the risk of sounding trite, prevention is better than cure. The risk of man entering a new ice age is very real as of now, and will remain so until research shows otherwise. There are studies that speculate that the shutdown of the thermohaline circulation is what previously led to the Younger Dryas (the big freeze) period (Schiermeier, 2006). Man may enter a new ice age; ironically, because of global warming.